CreateDAO_it

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Informazioni su questo tutorial

Verrà creato un oggetto e poi delle altre classi per rendere persistente (registrare/recuperare/eliminare) quell'oggetto dal database. Parlando in Java, questo oggetto viene chiamato Plain Old Java Object (a.k.a. POJO). Questo oggetto in sostanza rappresenta una tabella su database. Le altre classi saranno:

• Un Data Access Object (a.k.a. DAO), un'Interfaccia ed un'Implementazione su Hibernate
• Una classe JUnit per verificare che il DAO funziona

AppFuse usa Hibernate come layer di persistenza di default. Hibernate è un Object/Relational (O/R) Framework che permette di correlare i tuoi Java Object alle tabelle del database. Ti permette di effettuare molto facilmente operazioni CRUD (Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete) sui tuoi oggetti.

Puoi usare anche iBATIS come scelta di persistence framework. Per installare iBATIS in AppFuse, vedere il file README.txt in extras/ibatis. Poi completa la versione iBATIS di questo tutorial.

Convenzioni Tipografiche (work in progress)

Le stringhe di testo da intendersi eseguite al prompt dei comandi si presentano così: ant test-all.

Riferimenti a file, directory e package all'interno dell'alberatura del tuo sorgente: build.xml.

E suggerimenti su come fare le cose nel "Mondo Reale" sono in corsivo blu.

Iniziamo a creare un nuovo Object, DAO e Test nella struttura di progetto di AppFuse.

Indice

• [1] Creare un nuovo Object ed aggiungere i tag XDoclet
• [2] Creare un nuova tabella nel database a partire dall'oggetto usando Ant
• [3] Creare un nuovo DaoTest per eseguire i test JUnit sul DAO
• [4] Creare un nuovo DAO per effettuare operazioni CRUD sull'oggetto
• [5] Configurare Spring per l'oggetto Person e il PersonDao
• [6] Eseguire il DaoTest

Creare un nuovo Object ed aggiungere i tag XDoclet [#1]

La prima cosa che devi fare è crare un oggetto da rendere persistente. Crea un semplice oggetto "Person" (nella directory src/dao/**/model) che abbia un id, un firstName ed un lastName (come proprietà).

NOTA: La copia del codice Java in questi tutorial non funziona in Firefox. Un workaround è usare CTRL+Clic (Comando+Clic su OS X) sul blocco di codice e poi copiarlo.

This class should extend BaseObject, which has 3 abstract methods: (equals(), hashCode() and toString()) that you will need to implement in the Person class. The first two are required by Hibernate. The easiest way to do this is using Commonclipse. More information on using this tool can be found on Lee Grey's site. Another Eclipse Plugin you can use is Commons4E. I haven't used it, so I can't comment on its functionality.

If you're using IntelliJ IDEA, you can generate equals() and hashCode(), but not toString(). There is a ToStringPlugin that works reasonably well.

Now that you have this POJO created, you need to add XDoclet tags to generate the Hibernate mapping file. This mapping file is used by Hibernate to map objects → tables and properties (variables) → columns.

First of all, add a @hibernate.class tag that tells Hibernate what table this object relates to:

You also have to add a primary key mapping or XDoclet will puke when generating the mapping file. Note that all @hibernate.* tags should be placed in the getters' Javadocs of your POJOs.

I'm using generator-class="increment" instead of generator-class="native" because I found some issues when using "native" on other databases. If you only plan on using MySQL, I recommend you use the "native" value. This tutorial uses increment.

Create a new database table from the object using Ant [#2]

[schemaexport] create table person (
[schemaexport]    id bigint not null,
[schemaexport]    primary key (id)
[schemaexport] );

If you want to look at the Person.hbm.xml file that Hibernate generates for you, look in the build/dao/gen/**/model directory. Here's the contents of Person.hbm.xml (so far):

Now you'll add additional @hibernate.property tags for the other columns (first_name, last_name):

In this example, the only reason for adding the column attribute is because the column name is different from the property name. If they're the same, you don't need to specify the column attribute. See the @hibernate.property reference for other attributes you can specify for this tag.

Run ant setup-db again to get the additional columns added to your table.

[schemaexport] create table person (
[schemaexport]    id bigint not null,
[schemaexport]    first_name varchar(50),
[schemaexport]    last_name varchar(50),
[schemaexport]    primary key (id)
[schemaexport] );

If you want to change the size of your columns, modify the length attribute in your @hibernate.property tag. If you want to make it a required field (NOT NULL), add not-null="true".

Create a new DaoTest to run JUnit tests on your DAO [#3]

Now you'll create a DaoTest to test that your DAO works. "Wait a minute," you say, "I haven't created a DAO!" You are correct. However, I've found that Test-Driven Development breeds higher quality software. For years, I thought write your test before your class was hogwash. It just seemed stupid. Then I tried it and I found that it works great. The only reason I do all this test-driven stuff now is because I've found it rapidly speeds up the process of software development.

To start, create a PersonDaoTest.java class in the test/dao/**/dao directory. This class should extend BaseDaoTestCase, a subclass of Spring's AbstractTransactionalDataSourceSpringContextTests which already exists in this package. This parent class is used to load Spring's ApplicationContext (since Spring binds the layers together), and for (optionally) loading a .properties file (ResourceBundle) that has the same name as your *Test.class. In this example, if you put a PersonDaoTest.properties file in the same directory as PersonDaoTest.java, this file's properties will be available via an "rb" variable.

The code you see above is what you need for a basic Spring integration test that initializes and configures an implementation of PersonDao. Spring will use autowiring byType to call the setPersonDao() method and set the "personDao" bean as a dependency of this class.

Now you need test that the CRUD (create, retrieve, update, delete) methods work in your DAO. To do this, create methods that begin with "test" (all lower case). As long as these methods are public, have a void return type and take no arguments, they will be called by the <junit> task in build.xml. Below are some simple tests for testing CRUD. An important thing to remember is that each method (also known as a test), should be autonomous. Add the following methods to your PersonDaoTest.java file:

In the testGetPerson method, you're creating a person and then calling a get. I usually enter a record in the database that I can always rely on. Since DBUnit is used to populate the database with test data before the tests are run, you can simply add the new table/record to the metadata/sql/sample-data.xml file:

<table name='person'>
    <column>id</column>
    <column>first_name</column>
    <column>last_name</column>
    <row>
      <value>1</value>
      <value>Matt</value>
      <value>Raible</value>
    </row>
</table>

This way, you can eliminate the "create new" functionality in the testGetPerson method. If you'd rather add this record directly into the database (via SQL or a GUI), you can rebuild your sample-data.xml file using ant db-export and then cp db-export.xml metadata/sql/sample-data.xml.

In the above example, you can see that person.set*(value) is being called to populate the Person object before saving it. This is easy in this example, but it could get quite cumbersome if you're persisting an object with 10 required fields (not-null="true"). This is why I created the ResourceBundle in the BaseDaoTestCase. Simply create a PersonDaoTest.properties file in the same directory as PersonDaoTest.java and define your property values inside it:

I tend to just hard-code test values into Java code - but the .properties file is an option that works great for large objects.

firstName=Matt
lastName=Raible

At this point, the PersonDaoTest class won't compile yet because there is no PersonDao.class in your classpath, you need to create it. PersonDao.java is an interface, and PersonDaoHibernate.java is the Hibernate implementation of that interface.

Create a new DAO to perform CRUD on the object [#4]

Notice in the class above there are no exceptions on the method signatures. This is due to the power of Spring and how it wraps Exceptions with RuntimeExceptions. At this point, you should be able to compile all the source in src/dao and test/dao using ant compile-dao. However, if you try to run ant test-dao -Dtestcase=PersonDao, you will get an error: No bean named 'personDao' is defined. This is an error message from Spring - indicating that you need to specify a bean named personDao in applicationContext-hibernate.xml. Before you do that, you need to create the PersonDao implementation class.

The ant task for running dao tests is called test-dao. If you pass in a testcase parameter (using -Dtestcase=name), it will look for **/*${testcase}* - allowing us to pass in Person, PersonDao, or PersonDaoTest - all of which will execute the PersonDaoTest class.

Let's start by creating a PersonDaoHibernate class that implements the methods in PersonDao and uses Hibernate to get/save/delete the Person object. To do this, create a new class in src/dao/**/dao/hibernate and name it PersonDaoHibernate.java. It should extend BaseDaoHibernate and implement PersonDao. Javadocs eliminated for brevity.

Now, if you try to run ant test-dao -Dtestcase=PersonDao, you will get the same error. We need to configure Spring so it knows that PersonDaoHibernate is the implementation of PersonDao, and you also need to tell it about the Person object.

Configure Spring for the Person object and PersonDao [#5]

First, you need to tell Spring where the Hibernate mapping file is located. To do this, open src/dao/**/dao/hibernate/applicationContext-hibernate.xml and add "Person.hbm.xml" to the following code block.

Now you need to add some XML to this file to bind PersonDaoHibernate to PersonDao. To do this, add the following at the bottom of the file:

Run the DaoTest [#6]

Yeah Baby, Yeah: BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 9 seconds

Next Up: Part II: Creating new Managers - A HowTo for creating Business Facades, which are similar to Session Facades, but don't use EJBs. These facades are used to provide communication from the front-end to the DAO layer.