Raible Designs

Equinox (a.k.a. AppFuse Light) 1.7.1 Released!

Equinox 1.7.1 contains a number of dependency updates, and not much else. This will be the last release with the Equinox name. This project is changing its name to AppFuse Light and will be referred to by that name going forward. The project will be moving its source code to http://appfuse-light.dev.java.net. The equinox.dev.java.net project will remain because Cool URIs don't change. In addition to the name change, I'd like to try to merge the AppFuse and Equinox user communities. Since the technologies are so similar, and AppFuse 2.x will use some of Equinox's Ant scripts, it makes sense to bring these projects closer together.

In AppFuse Light 1.8, I plan on adding support for Stripes and Wicket as well as integrating the CSS Framework (like AppFuse uses).

50 possible combinations are available for download:

• Web Frameworks: JSF (MyFaces), Spring MVC (with Ajax, Acegi Security, JSP, FreeMarker or Velocity), Struts 1.x, Struts 2.x, Tapestry, WebWork
• Persistence Frameworks: Hibernate, iBATIS, JDO (JPOX), OJB, Spring JDBC

All of the frameworks used in Equinox, as well as most of its build/test system is explained in Spring Live. Going forward, documentation will be put on the AppFuse site.

A summary of the changes in this release are below:

• Removed custom JavaScript and CSS for MyFaces Tomahawk's
• Dependent packages upgraded:
  • Ajax4JSF 1.0.6
  • Cargo 0.9
  • Commons Collections 3.2
  • Commons DBCP 1.2.2
  • Commons Lang 2.3
  • Commons Validator 1.3.1
  • DWR 2.0 RC2
  • FreeMarker 2.3.9
  • JPOX 1.1.7
  • JUnit 3.8.2
  • Hibernate 3.2.1
  • iBATIS 2.3.0
  • MyFaces and Tomahawk 1.1.5
  • Spring 2.0.4
  • Spring Modules Validation 0.8
  • Struts 2.0.6
  • Tapestry 4.1.1
  • Velocity 1.5
  • Velocity Tools 1.3
  • WebWork 2.2.5

For more information about installing the various options, see the README.txt file. Live demos (thanks to Contegix!) are available at:

• Spring · Spring + Ajax · Spring + Acegi
• JSF + Facelets
• Struts 1 · Struts 2
• Tapestry
• WebWork

If you have any questions, please read the comments from the 1.7 release or ask them on the AppFuse mailing list.

Comparing Java Web Frameworks: Proposed Outline

I'm just now starting to create my Comparing Java Web Frameworks presentation for ApacheCon Europe. According to Dave, I'm way late on submitting my presentation. However, I haven't received any late notifications from ApacheCon's organizing committee, so I don't feel too bad.

I think it's interesting how most conferences don't spend much time organizing from a speaker's perspective. The Colorado Software Summit and NFJS are two exceptions. As a speaker, you always know exactly what's going on, what the deadlines are and where you're supposed to be when. With ApacheCon, I feel like I'm in the dark on almost everything - including if I have a hotel room or not. I guess that's the difference between a volunteer organization and conferences where the organizers make money.

Luckily, I've done this presentation quite a few times in the past, so it's mostly an update rather than a rewrite. The biggest changes: dropping Struts 1 and adding Stripes and Wicket. Of course, I could keep Struts 1 since it's not much additional work, but since I only have 50 minutes for the talk (10 minutes for QA), it makes sense to drop it. And yes, I know many of you'd like to see Grails, Seam, GWT, RIFE and Click added to this presentation - but no one wants to sit through a presentation on 11 web frameworks in 45 minutes.

Here's the abstract for the session:

One of the most difficult things to do (in Java web development) today is pick which web framework to use when development an application. The Apache Software foundation hosts most of the popular Java web frameworks: Struts, MyFaces, Tapestry and Wicket. This session will compare these different web frameworks, as well as Spring MVC and Stripes. It will briefly explain how each works and the strengths and weaknesses of each. Tips, tricks and gotcha's will be plentiful. Lastly, it will provide attendees with a sample application that utilizes all 6 frameworks, so they can compare line-by-line how the frameworks are different. This sample application will include the following features: sortable/pageable list, client and server-side validation, success and error messages as well as some Ajax functionality. The frameworks will be rated on how easy they make it to implement these features.

Without further ado, here's my proposed outline:

• Introductions (5 minutes)
• Pros and Cons (15 minutes, ~2 minutes for each)
• Sweetspots (10 minutes)
• Smackdown - evaluation criteria includes (15 minutes)
  • Ajax support
  • Bookmark-ability
  • Validation (including client-side)
  • Testability (esp. out-of-container)
  • Post and redirect
  • Internationalization
  • Page decoration
  • Community and Support
  • Tools
  • Marketability of skills (can it help you get a job)
  • Job count (is there a demand for skills on Dice)
• Conclusion (5 minutes)
• Q and A (10 minutes)

During the Pros and Cons, I won't be showing any code like I usually do - there's just not enough time. I'm also adding in a discussion on these frameworks' sweetspots. The Pros and Cons section is largely my opinion, and I think it's important to hear the framework authors' opinions as well.

In evaluation criteria, I'm dropping List screens and Spring Integration. All these frameworks have good Spring support and most support some sort of page-able/sortable list. I can add either of those back in based on your suggestions.

Any feedback is greatly appreciated.

JSF still sucks?

Granted, this post about how painful JSF is is almost 6 months old, but I think it's still mostly true.

Want to compare times? More than three man-weeks have been spent fixing silly JSF navigation problems. A full CRUD AJAX interface with Spring MVC and prototype in the same project took four days, and there was no previous experience with Spring MVC.

If you're going to use JSF, I highly recommend Facelets or Shale/Seam. However, those are mentioned as well:

The default view technology is JSP, even when no one in the real world would recommend it; instead, use Facelets, or Clay, or some other non-standard framework. Not trying to be sarcastic here, since Facelets is pretty good, but this complicates the hiring and education of the team and in fact invalidates the selling point of Faces 'being a standard'.

IMO, Facelets is very easy to learn. If you know how to program JSPs with JSF, you should be able to use Facelets in under an hour. When we converted AppFuse's JSF flavor from JSP to Facelets, rarely did the body have to change - we just had to change from taglibs to XML namespaces.

When you are not working with persistent data (if you are living in a cave or developing wizard interfaces) there are two scopes to store model state: the session context, which raises concurrency issues and is not recommended by the Faces community, and the conversation/process/whatever context, which is not standard and imply installing shale or seam to put even more lipstick on the pig.

There's two problems with Shale and Facelets - the activity on these projects is very low. Shale still has its creators around, so even while its seldom used, you can probably still get your questions answered. However, Facelets seems to be suffering from "developer abandonment".

Conclusion: don't use JSF simply because it's a "standard". Use other frameworks that are more actively developed and designed for the web. For component-based frameworks, the most popular are Tapestry and Wicket. Less popular ones are RIFE and Click.

If you still want to use JSF, you should probably use Seam, but don't simply use JSF because it's a standard. If it was a de-facto standard, that'd be another story.

Of course, you could also help improve JSF 2.0. But that's not scheduled for release until late 2008. I'm sure 2 or 3 commentors will claim we'll all be using Rails or Grails by then.

Ant vs. Maven

I found a good post from Steve Loughran on what's wrong with Maven's repositories. I agree with most of his points, but would like to point out mvnrepository.com. This site seems to provide good XML Feeds for what's been uploaded to Maven's Central Repository. If you're using Maven, you should probably subscribe to its Atom Feed.

In related news, Timothy M. O'Brien has an entry about Steve's upcoming book: Ant in Action. This book is the 2nd edition of Java Development with Ant. I have a hard time believing Erik Hatcher is helping Steve write Ant in Action - AFAIK, he's off in Rails-land enjoying himself. Regardless, I'm sure Ant in Action will be an excellent book. Java Development with Ant is one of my favorite technical books of all time and is largely responsible for inspiring me to write AppFuse. I read JDwA way back in October 2002 and used a lot of its code to develop AppFuse 1.x's Ant-based build system.

Like Tim, I still like Ant. However, AppFuse 2.x uses Maven 2 and most of the projects I work on these days use Maven 2. It may surprise some folks, but I actually like Maven 2 (not Maven 1). Sure it has issues, but after a year of using it in anger, I know how to solve most of its quirks. AppFuse 2.x users will benefit from this greatly and I'm thinking of changing its tagline to "We make Maven work."

One of the most interesting things about moving to Maven is we were easily able to make AppFuse more like a framework than a project starter kit. We thought this is what most folks wanted - especially the ability to upgrade a project to the latest version of AppFuse. While some folks wanted this, it seems like most folks liked the full-source version that was a pain-in-the-ass to upgrade. I don't blame them. On the project I'm on, I'll likely be converting to a full-source version before the project is over. That's why APF-675 exists. I doubt we'll make it happen for the 2.0 final release, but it is on our radar of things to do shortly after. With any luck, we'll create a way to migrate projects using embedded AppFuse to full-source AppFuse.

I'd also like to point out something ironic. With AppFuse 1.x, there were a lot of folks that advocated we move to Maven. Their primary reasoning - the Ant build scripts were too long and complicated. How about a good ol' lines of XML comparison for those folks:

• Lines of Ant-related XML in AppFuse 1.x: 1655
• Lines of Maven-related XML in AppFuse 2.x: 2847

Oh wait, that's not a fair comparison. The above number is for AppFuse in SVN, which end users won't deal with. A new project created with AppFuse 2.x will likely have a pom.xml with 634 lines. That's about 1/3 of the amount needed for Ant in AppFuse 1.x. Maven hasn't exactly gotten us away from XML hell though. How about a LOC count for archetypes vs. installers:

• Lines of Ant-related XML for AppFuse 1.x framework installers: 2786
• Lines of Maven-related XML for AppFuse 2.x archetypes (including archetype's pom.xml files): Too much to count. Creating archetypes is waayyyy too complicated IMO. Basic archetypes seem to be around 740 lines (pom.xml for archetype project, archetype.xml and archetype's pom.xml), modular archetypes are around 870. 740 x 4 + 870 x 4 = 6440. I'm guessing the full-source archetypes will add another 5000 lines of XML. Ugh.

This XML-for-archetypes comparison might be unfair as well. With 1.x, you could only create a webapp, with 2.x, you can create a modular application and chop off the web-portion if you so choose.

Of course, the real benefits of moving to Maven are elsewhere. We've seen quite an uptick on the mailing list in the last few months. There's tools cropping up and I've gotten quite a few inquiries about training (yes, I do have a 3-day course on Spring, Hibernate, Ajax, Maven and AppFuse). To me, AppFuse 2.x seems more complicated than 1.x, but it seems the community thinks otherwise. Judging from the increased amount of developer activity on the project, developers seem more interested in a Maven-based system too. Then again, we are making Maven work!

Apache Struts 2 from Square One

Ted Husted has put together an impressive training course together for Struts 2 called Apache Struts 2 from Square One. He's released an initial version of the 127-page PDF on SourceForge.

Thanks Ted! The fact that you're contributing this hard work to the community (for free!) is amazing.

I'm teaching a 3-day training course in May that covers Spring, Hibernate, Maven 2, Ajax and AppFuse. I'm not sure if the client wants Struts 2 or Spring MVC for their web framework. If they want Struts 2, you can be sure I'll checkout Ted's course as a starting point.

Java CMS Systems

Michael Levin is at the JavaPosse Roundup this week. Today, they're discussing Java CMS Systems. I recently had an e-mail discussion with a reader regarding Java-based CMS Systems. In hopes of getting these questions answered by Michael today, here's that thread:

Original E-Mail:
OpenCMS, Magnolia CE/EE, Atleap, Alfresco, Liferay.

Magnolia EE, Day Communique, Hannon Hill, Refresh, Vertical Site.

We are leaning towards Magnolia EE since we have a load balancer and two production server, but I bet we could hack in support in the community edition.

Any comments/recommendations? -------- My response:
I'd check out Alfresco's new 2.0 WCM - just released last week. I haven't looked at many of the CMSes in a year or so, but I'm willing to bet that OpenCMS still has issues installing. I still like Drupal too and recommend it for folks just wanting a website they can edit.

In reality, my experience with CMS systems is outdated and you shouldn't consider me an authority. -------- Thanks for the lead. We actually eliminated Alfresco, b/c I thought they were more of a portal.

The reason we were leaning towards Magnolia and Vertical Site was b/c of JSR 170 (which Alfesco claims to support).

I wonder about the scalability of JCR, do have an opinion? -------- I don't have an opinion because I don't have much experience with it. It's supposed to be the JDBC of CMSs, so I imagine it's pretty scalable. However, it's pretty new, so I'm sure there will be growing pains. I know that Infoq.com uses Magnolia as their backend (and WebWork as their frontend), so obviously it scales well for them.

What are your thoughts on Java-based CMS Systems? Comments from experienced developers appreciated more than vendor pitches.

Artifactory - a new Maven 2 Repository Manager for Enterprises

From the Maven 2 user list:

We would like to announce the immediate availability of Artifactory, a Maven 2 enterprise proxy.

Artifactory offers advanced proxying, caching and security facilities to answer the needs of a robust, reproducible and independent build environment using Maven 2. It uses a JSR-170 Java Content Repository (JCR) for storage, which makes it extremely easy to manage searchable metadata, and provide extended features such as security, transacted operations, auditing, locking, etc.

Artifactory is distributed under APLv2 at http://artifactory.sourceforge.net. It is currently available as a downloadable archive, that can be run out of the box (with default settings). An install script to run it as a Linux service is also provided. A (limited) guest live demo is available at http://www.jfrog.org/artifactory (username/password is guest/guest).

You are welcome to give it a go!

Cheers,

Yoav Landman,
The Artifactory Team

So how does this compare to Archiva, Proximity and Maven Proxy? One user writes (formatted for better reading):

It's interesting to see that Artifactory's UI is powered by Wicket and Dojo. The demo seems kind of sluggish, but I don't believe this application is meant to handle more than 10 users at a time. For more information on Artifactory's features, see its introduction page.

It's great to see a (seemingly) good tool come out for internal repository management.

I spent a couple days last week analyzing the best open source continuous integration server for Maven 2 projects. Hudson turned out to be the clear winner with the best UI and easiest setup. It also actually worked, which is a lot more than I can say for Continuum. While I did get Continuum to work, it required turning on anonymous SVN (no, putting the username/password in the URL did not work). CruiseControl worked as well, but required config.xml knowledge, which sometimes scares admins. Pulse and Bamboo continue to be the best commercial Maven 2 testers, while TeamCity failed my 10-minute test (twice!). One of the features I was looking for was Trac integration and that only exists for CruiseControl and Continuum.

It's amazing to see projects like Continuum and Archiva. If they're any reflection of the Maven team's ability to develop software, that's frightening. My advice: discontinue both of these projects as they're a waste of anyone's time to even research them.

Update October 2009: Fast forward a couple years and I take back what I said about the Maven's team ability to develop good software. Nexus is a kick-ass Repository Manager.

The Good Seats

There's nothing like getting the good seats when you attend a sporting event or concert. This weekend, we had 4th row seats to the Nuggets game on Friday night, 2nd row to the DU Hockey game on Saturday night and first row to The Doodlebops show on Sunday. Believe it or not, The Doodlebops was probably the most fun. The fact that smiles were plastered on Abbie and Jack's faces made it great, but also Abbie got to give Mo a high five and both kids were dancing like they actually knew how. Fun stuff.

Next weekend looks to be great as well. It's dumping in the hills - Steamboat got around 4 feet of powder last week. The forecast is snow all week, with Spring-skiing temperatures this weekend. We're heading up at the end of week, so I'm crossing my fingers hoping for mounds of champagne powder. In the meantime, it's time to start coding like a madman on my new project where I'm building an e-commerce site with AppFuse 2.0.

Message Driven POJOs by Mark Fisher

Last night, I attended the New England Java Users Group to see Mark Fisher talk about Message Driven POJOs. This was the first JUG I've been to (outside of Denver's) where I was an attendee instead of a speaker. It was interesting to see how they do things. They have one main speaker who speaks for two hours. After the first hour, they have a break, offer pizza and do a raffle. Then the speaker continues. They require you to "register" at least 48 hours before the meeting starts. This is because the meeting is held at Sun and they (apparently) need to do it for security purposes. They actually checked my ID and made sure I was registered at the door. After I passed their verification test, I received a name tag. While I like Denver's Basic Concepts followed by Main Speaker setup, I liked that this JUG meeting was over at 8:15. Below are my notes from the event.

Topics in this Session: Overview of JMS, Spring's JmsTemplate and implementing a Message Driven POJO.

Goals of JMS: provide a vendor-neutral abstraction for accessing Message Oriented Middleware from Java. It provides for enterprise messaging systems what JDBC provides for relational databases. See Wikipedia's definition of JMS for more information.

The API is what insulates your code from the JMS implementation you're using. The JMS implementation will use a message broker to communicate between servers. Tonight, Mark will be using ActiveMQ in his examples. He plans on doing most of his presentation in Eclipse because he's been spending 14 hours per day in PowerPoint revamping Interface21's training courses (I don't miss that at all).

The JMS Message is the central object to JMS. There's various types of messages, TextMessage, ObjectMessage (I missed the rest). Two types of JMS Destinations are available: Queues and Topics. A JMS Session is used to create messages as well as producers and consumers. Examples calls:

• session.createTextMessage(String)
• session.createConsumer(dest)
• session.createProducter(dest)

A JMS Connection is obtained from a JMS ConnectionFactory. The ConnectionFactory is typically accessed by a JNDI Lookup.

JMS is most commonly used for internal application communications (not public facing).

Templates are common in the Spring Framework and are used to simply API usage. Their main goal is to reduce boilerplate code (resource management, try/catch, etc.). Examples include JdbcTemplate, JpaTemplate, JndiTemplate, TransactionTemplate and (you guessed it) JmsTemplate. Spring also translates exceptions to consistent runtime hierarchies. In addition to one-line methods, Spring's templates supply callbacks that alleviate try/catch blocks - but give you full power of the API.

JmsTemplate has a couple of capabilities: it handles acquisition and release of resources and translates checked JMS Exceptions to a parallel hierarchy of RuntimeExceptions. It's also capable of converting a payload to the corresponding JMS message type with a MessageConverter strategy. Lastly, it provides convenience methods to allow sending asynchronous messages.

Now Mark is showing us how you configure a ConnectionFactory, Queue and JmsTemplate in a Spring context file. The first couple of beans only take 3 lines of code to configure, the 3rd one takes 4 because it has a dependency on the first two. Pretty easy configuration if you ask me. After composing bean definitions, Mark created a JUnit test and called jmsTemplate.convertAndSend() to send a message in 2 lines of Java code.

To receive messages with JmsTemplate (pre Spring 2.0), you could use synchronous receive calls: receive(), receive(Destination) and receive(String). There are also receiveAndConvert() methods.

In Spring 2.0, they added the ability to do MessageListener containers to enable asynchronous reception in a non application server environment. Implementations include SimpleMessageListenerContainer, DefaultMessageListenerContainer and ServerSessionMessageListenerContainer. The DMLC adds transactional behavior, and the SSMLC hooks into the server's SPI. Spring's MessageListenerAdapter enables the delegation to a POJO for handling the payload.

For the next 1/2 hour or so, Mark wrote a bunch of Java and XML to create a simple Trader application. About the same time, I got managed to get an internet connection from somewhere and started browsing the net and answering e-mail. Every once in a while I looked up to see Mark's code - it all looks very simple and straight forward. In Spring 2.1, a <jms:*> namespace will be added to simplify the XML configuration.

For those of you out there using Spring's JMS support - are there any issues you've run into? Are you using it in production? It's always pimped as "awesome", so I'm looking for pain points that folks might encounter when using it.

Related: Spring's JMS Documentation and ActiveMQ's JmsTemplate Gotchas.

Comparing Java Web Frameworks at ApacheCon Europe

It's been almost 2 1/2 years since I created and presented my "Comparing Web Frameworks" talk at ApacheCon 2004. It's hard to believe that was my first talk in front of a large audience. Before that conference, I posted a list of possible topics, as well as an outline a few days later. The most recent time I presented this talk was at Spring Forward 2006.

At this year's ApacheCon Europe, I'll be presenting Comparing Java Web Frameworks again. This time, I'll be adding Wicket and Stripes to the mix. I'm adding these two because they seem to be getting the most hype in Java developer's blogs. Of course, it would be great to add Grails, RIFE and Seam, but that's just too much to cover in an hour. Also, Grails is just Spring MVC and Seam uses JSF - so RIFE is the only one that stands out as unique. Here's the current session description:

One of the most difficult things to do (in Java web development) today is pick which web framework to use when development an application. The Apache Software foundation hosts most of the popular Java web frameworks: Struts, MyFaces, Tapestry and Wicket. This session will compare these different web frameworks, as well as Spring MVC and Stripes. It will briefly explain how each works and the strengths and weaknesses of each. Tips, tricks and gotcha's will be plentiful. Lastly, it will provide attendees with a sample application that utilizes all 6 frameworks, so they can compare line-by-line how the frameworks are different. This sample application will include the following features: sortable/pageable list, client and server-side validation, success and error messages as well as some Ajax functionality. The frameworks will be rated on how easy they make it to implement these features.

Over the next couple months, I'll try to post a revised outline so all the folks who care about a comparison like this can voice their opinions. I'll also be integrating Stripes and Wicket into AppFuse and AppFuse Light.

I'm still not sure about the name "AppFuse Light", but it's probably better than "AppFuse LE" which doesn't seem to convey the concept enough. The problem with "Light" is how to spell it (Bud Light vs. Miller Lite). The nice thing about AppFuse LE is we can shorten it to ALE. Regardless, you gotta love how it can all be related back to beer.

I've never been to Amsterdam before, so I'm definitely looking forward to this trip. My dad will be joining me, so I'll probably do more site-seeing that conference-going. If you're from the area, do you have any suggestions on what to do and where to stay? My dad has been pricing tickets and thinks we'd be better off flying into Frankfurt, spending a few days in Germany, and then arriving a day or two before my talk (on Friday). However, Queen's Day is the Monday of the conference and I've heard rumors it shouldn't be missed. I've got some Dutch and German in my blood, so it should be fun to visit my ancestral homeland.