Matt RaibleMatt Raible is a writer with a passion for software. Connect with him on LinkedIn.

The Angular Mini-Book The Angular Mini-Book is a guide to getting started with Angular. You'll learn how to develop a bare-bones application, test it, and deploy it. Then you'll move on to adding Bootstrap, Angular Material, continuous integration, and authentication.

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This book shows you how to build an app with JHipster, and guides you through the plethora of tools, techniques and options you can use. Furthermore, it explains the UI and API building blocks so you understand the underpinnings of your great application.

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10+ YEARS


Over 10 years ago, I wrote my first blog post. Since then, I've authored books, had kids, traveled the world, found Trish and blogged about it all.
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AppFuse's License

Someone sent me an e-mail today and made me aware that the Commons Attribute License that AppFuse uses only applies to documents and such:

"Collective Work" means a work, such as a periodical issue, anthology or encyclopedia, in which the Work in its entirety in unmodified form, along with a number of other contributions, constituting separate and independent works in themselves, are assembled into a collective whole.

Because of this, I'm thinking of switching to use an Apache 2 License. This seems to be the friendliest license for open source. Basically, all I want to do is try to get folks that use AppFuse to give it some credit. Which really means they're marketing it in a sense. More marketing -> more users -> (hopefully) I'll stay employed and the product will get better.

The only pain I can see about licensing with an Apache License is they want you to add a short copyright notice at the top. But I'm not really handing the copyright of AppFuse over to ASF, am I? Do I have to add this copyright to all my .java files? I know that Spring does this, but... ugh ... seems rather unnecessary.

Posted in Java at Oct 21 2004, 10:54:08 AM MDT 11 Comments

MyJavaPack - an Open Source version of Blue Glue?

As noted by John Munsch, MyJavaPack looks pretty cool. At first glance, it looks like an open-source version of Open Logic's Blue Glue. Since I actually did some work on Blue Glue this summer, I downloaded MyJavaPack and did a a quick install.

I was quite impressed. All it did was download the packages I requested and installed them. In most cases, this is what I want - especially on my machine where I already have everything setup. Blue Glue goes a bit further than MyJavaPack. It installs and configures everything for you. This is great for brand new machines, but can be a pain for pre-configured machines since it adds stuff to your PATH.

The thing I like about MyJavaPack is that it's open-source. Therefore, I might be able to dig in and customize it for an AppFuse-based installer. Such an intaller would include tools for developing AppFuse: Ant, Tomcat, MySQL, Eclipse and AppFuse. That'd be pretty cool to be able to download and install an entire development environment.

Neither product does what we all really want: the ability to do an "update" (like Windows Update or Software Update on OS X) of our existing packages.

Posted in Java at Oct 19 2004, 11:12:19 AM MDT 4 Comments

I don't hate JSF

I'm still amazed by all the traffic and comments received by my experience with JSF. In some cases it feels like I insulted some of these guys wives or something. Here's some good quotes from the comments:

The less than positive experience is because Matt wants to write an app while asking a million questions all over mailing lists and not investing the time to learn.

I think you're too in love with struts to have a clear sight on what's going on.

Pick your poison and stop bad-mouthing others because you don't get.

I admit that I was a bit harsh on JSF in my post. Here's why. I developed 5 simple apps this summer, all doing the same thing with different frameworks: Struts, Spring MVC, WebWork, Tapestry and JSF. All of them hooked into the same backend, which was Spring+Hibernate. I had a learning curve to overcome with WebWork, Tapestry and JSF. I already knew Struts and Spring MVC, so those versions where easy to develop with. Of the three (WebWork, Tapestry and JSF), I was able to complete the JSF version the fastest. It took me a 1 1/2 days for WebWork, 3 days for Tapestry and 1 day for JSF. Or so I thought.

The JSF app was pretty close to being finished, but I was missing one thing - a sortable/pageable table. And I hadn't written the test for my page classes yet. This was Wednesday. I made a post late that night on how much I liked the JSF-Spring integration library. If you'll notice in this post, I mentioned that I got the displaytag to work too (almost). I found that I had to use an empty tag to pull the list of users from my page bean into the request, and then the displaytag could render the list. This was almost perfect, but the <h:commandLink> didn't work, so I had no way of editing a record from the table.

At this point, it all started to break down - and my frustration began. I was sooo close to completing this application and so far (even with the minor snags I'd hit) it was the easiest one to develop. Juergen left a comment stating that Spring's core now had a DelegatingVariableResolver in its core. So I figured I'd make my application more "pure" and use that instead of the JSF-Spring integration library. This was my first mistake. The DelegatingVariableResolver from Spring didn't work with Sun's RI and only worked with MyFaces. I figured it wouldn't be hard to switch (JSF is a standard, right?) - so I went to it the next day. I'd also heard that MyFaces had a sortable/pageable dataGrid - so the switch seemed like a good idea.

The first bump in the road was that while the DelegateVariableResolver worked, MyFaces reported an error. The Spring guys blamed MyFaces and MyFaces blamed Spring. Result: it's a bug that no one will fix. I spent a couple hours being a good open-source citizen by 1) trying to fix it and 2) reporting it. The second bumb in the road was that I had to change a few things that worked in the RI but didn't work in MyFaces (I forget what now). However, this wasn't so bad since it also fixed a couple of issues.

Next I tried to use MyFace's <x:dataTable> to replace the display tag. Since it had a sortHeader component, I figured this would be easy. It turns out this component requires you to implement custom logic in your page bean. Things might've changed since July, but I doubt it. Lastly, aftering getting everything to work, I went to work on writing a jWebUnit test to test it all. While doing so, I found that it was almost impossible to test my edit screen. With other frameworks, I could specify a URL with a record id and then proceed to change form fields and push buttons. With JSF, there was no easy way to determine the URL. The rendered UI used heavy JavaScript and when you clicked on a link in the dataTable, this called a JavaScript function. I have no problems with JavaScript and I think it's a great technology. However, the current UI testing frameworks I use (jWebUnit and Canoo WebTest) use the Rhino JavaScript library (js.jar) and it sucks at JavaScript. It reports errors where there are no errors - and hence, I tend to exclude the JAR and disable JavaScript support in my tests. If there was better JavaScript support in these testing frameworks - I'd likely have to problems with JSF's "I post for every link" mantra.

In most of my development life, I've most often been a framework user rather than a developer. This means that if I find problems, I don't extend the framework - I look for other solutions. Call me whatever you like, but I'm just trying to get my job done and the project completed. I don't want to mess with the internals of a framework to make that happen. With JSF (and Tapestry too), you have to be more of a framework developer. You have to be willing to create your own components. These frameworks are designed as component frameworks and they want you to extend them. That's one of the major points of their architecture.

So here I am again, posting about JSF - which will undoubtably get an incredible amount of hits just because it has "JSF" in the title. Why? Because you can't ignore JSF. Even if you don't want to develop with it - there's going to be tons of jobs that require JSF in the near future. In fact, there are already quite a few. Surprisingly enough, in my job search last month, I has a more opportunities for JSF (and WebWork suprisingly enough) than Struts. Finding a Tapestry gig - good luck. Of course, I'm a consultant, not an employee - so I don't often don't get to choose frameworks for companies.

I think JSF is an immature technology that will rapidly mature. I hope it does b/c it was fairly easy to develop with - there were merely some minor bugs in the two implementations. These can be fixed. In reality, I think we should all quit bashing on JSF and jump in to try and make it better. Rather than complaining, let's try to help.

I've done my part and applied to be on the JSF Expert Group. They probably won't let me in though - everyone seems to link I hate JSF. If I had my way, I'd scrap the sucker and make Tapestry the JSF standard. ;-)

Posted in Java at Oct 15 2004, 09:04:03 AM MDT 12 Comments

Rename Packages Tool for AppFuse

One of the steps recommended in AppFuse's QuickStart Guide is to rename your project's packages from "org.appfuse" to "com.company.appname". In the past this has been a real pain. I recommended using Eclipse, but this only worked for renaming the .java files themselves. It didn't catch all the package names in .xml and .properties files. Furthermore, it did nothing to change any references to "org/appfuse/model" or any other similar paths.

No longer folks. Ben Gill has developed a "rename packages" Ant task that'll zip through your AppFuse project and rename everything for you!

To use it, simply download it and view the README file to install and use. The source for this project is also available. This tool should work regardless of whether you've installed any options or not. Thanks Ben!

BTW, I should mention there will be an AppFuse 1.6.1. There have been a few bugs entered and fixed in 1.6 and I'd like to add support for Tomcat 5.5.3 (now in Cargo's SVN) and upgrade to XDoclet 1.2.2 (due for release soon). I'll probably wait until there's both Cargo and XDoclet have been released - in case some more bugs trickle in.

Posted in Java at Oct 13 2004, 11:09:12 AM MDT 1 Comment

Comparing the Big 5 Web Frameworks

My session at ApacheCon is titled Comparing Web Frameworks: Struts, Spring MVC, WebWork, Tapestry & JSF. I have to turn in my presentation by Friday. The purpose of this post is to get your feedback and see what you'd like to see in such a talk. Here's the abstract:

This session is designed to explore the popular Java web frameworks. It will briefly explain how each one works and the strengths and weaknesses of each. Tips, tricks and gotcha's will be plentiful. A simple web application will be dissected and the different options will be compared. Lastly, it will provide attendees with a sample app they can download that has options to use any of the frameworks described.

The simple webapp is MyUsers from Spring Live. As part of my gig with Open Logic this summer, I wrote a number of sample apps using Equinox. Among these where 1) a Mavenized version, 2) a Tapestry version, 3) a JSF version, and 4) WebWork version. The Struts and Spring MVC versions were already done as part of the book. They agreed to let me use the code and knowledge from that experience. This is all to say it shouldn't be too hard to create the sample app for this talk.

The hard part is going to be talking about things that developers care about. In my post on JSF a while back, I noted the things I typically want in my webapps. The following topics might make good points of discussion.

  • A sortable/pageable list of data. It's possible, but you have to add special sorting logic for each class. JSP already has this with the display tag - I'd simply like to be able to use it in JSF.
  • Bookmarkability. Container managed authentication gives us a great way to offer users the ability to bookmark pages. If everything is a POST with JSF, we lose this ability. Sure there's the HTMLOutputLink, but if we can't invoke actions, what good is it?
  • Clean and easy to read validation messages. The validation messages in both MyFaces and Sun's RI are not something you'd deliver to customers. What's wrong with making clean messages out-of-the-box? Tapestry seems to have no problems doing this. All the other MVC frameworks make you specify your own - which is fine with me.
  • Easy cancelling and multi-button form handling. JSF does this well - better than the rest I'd say.
  • Easy testability. Because of the plethora of JavaScript, JSF apps are difficult to test with tools like jWebUnit and Canoo's WebTest. Don't get me wrong, I love JavaScript - but an application should be able to be tested w/o it.
  • Success Messages. JSF does success messages OK - it's a pity it's not easier to get a resource bundle and it's a shame that you can't escape HTML in the <h:messages> tag. This seems like an oversight to me.

I could do a number of slides and show how each framework handles the above situations. Other topics that would be worthwhile would be:

  • Model in View - can you use your model objects to back forms or do you have to use something like ActionForms?
  • Spring Integration - all of them have this. This would merely be a discussion on how its handled.
  • Validation - how robust and/or extensible is it? How hard is it to do chained validation? What about client-side validation? Is the client-side stuff immature like WebWork's?
  • Internationalization - how is it done and how hard is it to get messages in your classes? JSF sucks at this.
  • The Duplicate Post Problem - how does it handle duplicate posts. Not the "push the submit button twice" but the "hit refresh after saving" kind. Tapestry fails this test.
  • Page Decoration - SiteMesh can be used for all frameworks, Tiles for some. Discuss how much easier it is to use SiteMesh.
  • Tools - since some frameworks have tools to help ease there development and others don't.
  • Business/Marketing - how well known is the framework and will your skills be marketable if you learn it? JSF and Struts are in high demand. Tapestry is virtually unheard of. WebWork is for the evil few (heh!) and Spring MVC is the new kid on the block.

Whaddya think - what is so special about your framework that'll make it look better in my talk? What are the things that suck that I can bash on? If you're a committer on one of these frameworks - are you going to be at ApacheCon? I'd love to have some folks defend their projects after I'm done ripping on them. ;-) If I don't rip on yours, then you can bask in all its glory.

If you live in Denver, I'll be delivering this presentation at DJUG's Architecture SIG on November 3rd.

Posted in Java at Oct 12 2004, 11:59:16 PM MDT 28 Comments

Integrating WebWork into AppFuse

Last week was a busy one as I was trying to finish up AppFuse 1.6 before starting my new gig (more on that later). Most of this involved 1) integrating WebWork and 2) writing the Ant-based installer for replacing Struts with WebWork. I've worked with WebWork before, so this post is mostly an extension of that - as well as documentation on what I did so others can understand AppFuse+WebWork better. Below is a list of things I found.

  • WebWork's concept of "results" are very similar to Struts "action-forwards". However, they also allow you to chain to other actions and use expressions.
  • Implementing the ModelDriven interface in your Actions is a good idea, but it's not that great. I found that by simply using get/setUser(), I got the same functionality - except that I had to add "user." to all my form elements in my JSP. The advantage to doing things this way (over ModelDriven) is you can have an Action that services many objects. The main reason I'm not using ModelDriven is because the following tag doesn't render the label (it's just blank). Strangely enough, it renders just fine after validation fails.
    <ww:textfield label="getText('user.firstName')" name="'user.firstName'"
        value="user.firstName" required="true"/>
  • WebWork is similar to Tapestry in that they encourage you to specify i18n messages (properties files) on a per-action basis (Tapestry is per page). Some might think this is a good idea, but after using Struts and Spring, I'm used to using one ResourceBundle for everything. To migrate AppFuse from using 1 bundle to many bundles just for WebWork would've been a pain. Luckily, in WebWork 2.1, they added the ability to specify a custom bundle using "webwork.custom.i18n.resources=ApplicationResources" in webwork.properties. I believe my issue with ModelDriven and labels is caused by this new feature.
  • The Spring-integration provided by SpringObjectFactory is quite nice. Unfortunately, client-side visitor validation doesn't work with it.
  • Unit-testing WebWork actions is easy, though it's kinda wierd to not send request parameters and such to set values (instead, you just set values directly on the Action).
  • I experimented with putting stuff on the stack and pulling it off in JSPs, but never got it to work quite right. After failing the 10 minute test, I decided to just put stuff in the request and get it working. Looking through the code now, there's only 3 places where I'm stuffing attributes into the request: 2 in FileUploadAction and 1 in ExceptionHandlerInterceptor.
  • With most frameworks I've used in the past, I rarely jumped into the source to try and see how things worked. Because of this, I rarely extended framework classes for my own use. However, with WebWork/XWork, I found it quite easy to dig in and extend the framework. Especially with Interceptors - which I dig.
  • Following up on Interceptors, I was able to easily create my own ValidationInterceptor that cancels validation on GET requests, and when cancel or delete is clicked.
  • Other interceptors that came in handy are a UserRoleAuthorizationInterceptor (which I borrowed from Spring) and an ExceptionHandlerInterceptor (which is modeled after Spring's SimpleMappingExceptionResolver). The 1st interceptor made it easy to mimic Struts' ability to declare a "roles" attribute on an action-mapping. The 2nd one allows you to map exceptions to results. This is something I was looking for when I first started using WebWork.
  • The "required" attribute in WebWork's JSP tags have nothing to do with validation, except that they add an asterisk to the field label. I'd rather this be integrated with validation - where an asterisk shows up when a field is "required" in its Action/POJO-validation.xml file.
  • I had a few other issues with validation: client-side validation shows one error at a time, client-side validation doesn't allow cancelling and field errors are displayed in a random order. If I were to start a project tomorrow that wanted WebWork with client-side validation, I'd probably try to integrate Commons Validator.
  • Testing Actions is easy, as it should be. Using Spring's Servlet API mocks made it easy to test Actions that used ServletActionContext to set cookies and other such request-related stuff.
  • I dig the rich set of form tags and it's great that these can be easily customized. I customized a few for AppFuse to make the syntax a bit more XHTML-compliant.
  • I'm a stickler for formatting and good-looking XHTML in JSPs. I try to keep lines less than 80 characters. Here's a comparison of the LOC required by the different frameworks for userForm.jsp:
    • Struts: 298
    • Spring: 319
    • WebWork: 186

All in all, I enjoyed working with WebWork and if given a choice of an AppFuse combination to use on my next project - it would probably be WebWork+Hibernate. If the client wanted client-side validation, I'd either integrate Commons Validator (which shouldn't be too hard) or use Spring+Hibernate. After using Spring and WebWork, which allow you to use your model objects directly in the view, it would be tough to go back to Struts. However, I still do know Struts better than the other two - so if I had a really tight deadline, that might be the smart way to go.

Posted in Java at Oct 04 2004, 08:17:37 AM MDT 2 Comments

Playing with JDK 5.0 and Tomcat 5.5.2

I did some experimenting this evening with JDK 5.0 and Tomcat 5.5.2. The good news is that AppFuse compiles fine with JDK 5.0 and runs on Tomcat 5.5.2 nicely too. Here's a couple of things I found:

JDK 5.0
I received a number of interesting errors from the new JDK. Here's one of them:

   [javac] Note: Some input files use unchecked or unsafe operations.
   [javac] Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details.

I received a few other messages that were deprecation warnings. The wierd thing is that it was telling me what's deprecated in HttpServletResponse, rather than what's deprecated in my code. Huh - what's the point?

Unfortunately, I found that Cactus won't run on JDK 5.0. Too bad, everything else seems to work fine.

Tomcat 5.5.2
I like the speediness of the new Tomcat, but I was disappointed to find out that they changed the DTD for the context.xml file. The old one works fine on Tomcat 4.1.x and 5.0.x, but you have to make some modifications for it to work on 5.5.x. To be fair, the new syntax is shorter and more concise. I've updated AppFuse's build.xml to detect Tomcat 5.5 and swap context files as appropriate.

Because of the Cactus bug, I think I'll be sticking with JDK 1.4.2 and Tomcat 5.0.28 for now - but it's cool to know that everything else will work once Cactus is fixed.

Posted in Java at Sep 30 2004, 11:32:03 PM MDT 6 Comments

An ORM Standard: EJB and JDO cooperating?!

Dion mentioned this might happen: Happy Harmony for EJB3 & JDO. This is very cool IMO - and I hope it works out. I'd love to see a standard way to map POJOs to databases. The best part is both camps hope to move quickly on this.

The technical objective for this new POJO persistence model is to provide a single object/relational mapping facility for all Java application developers that works in both J2SE and J2EE. The work will be done within the J2EE 5.0 time frame.

Posted in Java at Sep 24 2004, 04:29:28 PM MDT 2 Comments

F3 Kills XP

Here's a good one for you. I've been trying to hack my register on Windows XP to enable InnoDB tables in MySQL (which doesn't seem to be working). When I hit F3 to search for the next instance of "mysqld-nt.exe" - it kills my machine. The screen just goes dark and seemingly shuts down (though the power light is still on). If I press the power button, it'll power off fully. Of course, pressing it again powers it back on again. Wierd - guess it's time to switch to OS X for the day.

Thinking out loud: Maybe I should switch AppFuse to using PostgreSQL by default so users don't have to jump through hoops to get transactional tables.

Posted in Java at Sep 22 2004, 12:51:15 PM MDT 20 Comments

[ANN] Cargo 0.1 Released

Vincent Massol has released Cargo 0.1 - an open source project to start/stop and configure Java containers. I'm using its Ant tasks in Spring Live's sample app in conjuction with jWebUnit and Canoo's WebTest and it works great. Here's some sample code:

    <target name="test-web" depends="war"
        description="Runs tests that required a running server">
        <taskdef resource="cargo.tasks" classpathref="classpath"/>
        <cargo-tomcat5x homeDir="${tomcat.home}"
            output="${test.dir}/cargo.log"
            workingDir="${test.dir}/tomcat5x" action="start">
            <war warFile="${dist.dir}/${webapp.name}.war"/>
        </cargo-tomcat5x>
        <property name="testcase" value="WebTest"/>
        <antcall target="test"/>
    </target>

Read more about Cargo's beginnings on TheServerSide.com. This initial version provides:

  • A Java API to:
    • Start containers
    • Stop containers
    • Configure containers for deployment in any user-specified directory
    • Wait for containers to be started
    • Wait for containers to be stopped
    • Supports WAR and EAR static deployments
  • Ant tasks that wraps the Java API

Good stuff - thanks Vincent!

Posted in Java at Sep 11 2004, 08:47:17 PM MDT Add a Comment